The two ancient English universities, though sometimes described as rivals, share many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. The University of Cambridge's 13th-century founding was largely inspired by an association of scholars then who fled the University of Oxford for Cambridge following the suspendium clericorium (hanging of the scholars) in a dispute with local townspeople. Among the university's most notable alumni are 11 Fields Medalists, seven Turing Award winners, 47 heads of state, 14 British prime ministers, 194 Olympic medal-winning athletes, and some of world history's most transformational and iconic figures across disciplines, including Francis Bacon, Lord Byron, Oliver Cromwell, Charles Darwin, Stephen Hawking, John Maynard Keynes, John Milton, Vladimir Nabokov, Jawaharlal Nehru, Isaac Newton, Alan Turing, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and others. Over its eight century existence, Cambridge alumni and faculty have won 121 Nobel Prizes, the most of any university in the world, according to the university and other sources.
Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world's third oldest surviving university and one of its most prestigious, currently ranked second best in the world and the best in Europe by QS World University Rankings. The University of Cambridge is a collegiate research university in Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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